No matter how often you scrub, spray, wipe and clean your kitchen counters, cabinets and refrigerator, germs are always present. While some germs serve a good purpose, there are those that can be hazardous to your health if left alone. Learning which ones to be on the lookout for can help you keep your family safe.

As clean as our kitchens may appear to be, there are scores of germs that can be found. The presence of such germs can lead to illnesses such as colds, flu, and more severe infections like food poisoning. Studies have shown that kitchen sinks, dish towels, and cutting boards contain the most germs. Even toilet seats have been found to contain fewer germs than the kitchen!

Staphylococcus aureus: This bacterium is commonly found on the skin and in the nose. While it is responsible for minor skin infections, among other things, when it comes to the kitchen and the food we eat, Staphylococcus aureus is also linked to many cases of food poisoning. This results from the bacteria releasing toxins into the food, which is then consumed.

Salmonella: Like Staphylococcus aureus, salmonella also causes food poisoning. This bacterium can be found in meat and animal waste. Poultry is one of the most common forms of animal meat that can contain salmonella.

In addition to these two heavy hitting types of bacteria, there are also viruses, fungi, and protozoa to worry about. The best way to turn your kitchen into a virtually germ-free zone is by avoiding contamination in the first place. Because dishrags, towels, and sponges can trap germs and allow them to breed, throw them into the wash and clean them using detergent soap and hot water. Instead of wiping your hands on a cloth towel, use paper towels that can send germs straight to the trash. Using paper towels for cleaning kitchen surfaces is also ideal.

While preparing meals, it is crucial to take special care when handling various foods, especially meat. Food alone carries its own bacteria so be sure to cook all food at the right temperatures to kill off germs and be sure to always use clean cutting boards. Surprisingly, cutting boards are one of the parts of a kitchen that contain the most germs. To avoid cross contamination if you’re cooking different types of meats and vegetables, it is best to use one cutting board just for meat and another just for vegetables. When handling food, always be sure to wash your hands frequent with plenty of soap and water.

Pouring bleach down the kitchen sink a few times a week also cuts down on eliminating germs. When cleaning, use disinfectant spray in addition to warm water and soap. Plastic cups and paper plates also cut down on the possible transfer of germs from one person to another.

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