It is an inflammation of the skin which results in dryness, heat, flakiness and itching. A number of factors can result in Eczema and only a small area of the skin may be affected but it can affect any part of the body.

Cause

A number of things cause eczema. The most common cause of eczema is a general allergic over sensitivity (atopy). This type of eczema is called atopic eczema and it is linked with asthma and hay fever. These conditions are termed as genetic. The other causes of eczema include infantile eczema which is found in young babies and it results in a patch below their chins. It is also caused by contact with substances which irritate the skin chemically. It is caused by direct contact between the skin and the substance which is found in things such as soaps, detergents, strong chemicals etc. It is also caused by contact with substances to which the body is allergic. The most common materials which cause allergy is nickel, rubber etc. Varicose veins also lead to the formation of a form of eczema which affects the lower legs. It is called varicose or gravitational eczema.

Symptoms

It results in itching and redness and can make the skin dry and flaky. At times, itchy blisters may form. When these blisters burst or scratching of the skin damages it, the surface of the skin becomes moist and crusty. In the case of atopic eczema, it severely affects the folds of the skin where the limbs bend. Although the itching is intense but one should try and avoid itching as scratching can worsen the symptoms. Eczema makes the skin more sensitive and the skin of the people can easily get upset by soaps, cosmetics, detergents etc.

A doctor comes to the diagnosis by examining the patient and if there is some form of doubt, the patient is referred to a dermatologist. Further a number of tests such as blood tests, patch tests and other allergy tests may be conducted.

Treatment

Although there is no cure for eczema but a number of approaches can be followed which help in minimizing the symptoms. The skin must be moisturized and for this purpose bath oils, creams and ointments can be used which help in replenishing the skin’s natural protective oils. The doctor may prescribe cream or ointments containing topical steroid and are quite effective in reducing inflammation and itch. In case of moderate to severe eczema, the doctor may prescribe topical treatments. Antihistamines may be prescribed by the doctor which helps in reducing the itch. In the case of skin getting infected the doctor prescribes antibiotics.

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