Eczema is a skin condition which is characterized by dry, red, extremely itchy patches of skin. A topic dermatitis is the most common form of eczema and is found in 10-20 percent of the world’s population at some point during childhood. The National Institutes of Health estimates that 15 million people suffer from some type of eczema and between 10-20 percent of infants suffer from it.   

The redness characterizing the condition is actually a direct result of scratching the itchy patches and causes the skin to take on a leathery texture. Itching occurs when triggered by environmental elements such as when rough or coarse materials come in contact with the skin. Other people experience an outbreak when they get too hot or begin sweating. Certain soaps or detergents have been known to aggravate the itching, as well as contact with juices from fresh fruit and meats. Common allergies such as dust mites and animal saliva or dander can also be to blame. Excess stress has been linked to outbreaks as have upper respiratory infections.

While many triggers for itching have been identified, there is no known cause for the condition itself. However, it has been found that it often affects those with a family history of allergies and also seems to be from an abnormal response of the body’s immune system. Eczema has been documented in all types of people but it usually appears in infants on the stomach, forehead, cheeks, forearms, legs, scalp, and neck. In children and adults, eczema typically occurs on the face, neck, and the insides of the elbows, knees, and ankles. In most extreme cases, eczema may "bubble up" and ooze. In others, the condition may appear more scaly, dry, and red.

Currently, there is no cure for Eczema but measures can be taken to prevent frequent outbreaks. Experts suggest staying well moisturized, avoiding sudden changes in heat or humidity and, likewise, avoid sweating or overheating can prevent flare-ups. Also, avoid harsh elements such as scratchy materials (i.e. wool), strong soaps or detergents as well as environmental elements that irritate allergies (i.e. pollens or molds). Pay close attention to foods that have a pattern of triggering outbreaks and, lastly, reduce stress as much as possible.

The best way to treat Eczema is to stop the itching before it starts. Itching can be stopped by making sure you are well moisturized throughout the day. Experts suggest applying lotion within three minutes of getting out of the shower to lock in moisture. Applying a cold compress to affected areas can provide relief as well. In addition, antihistamines can be used to control itching. Prescription medication is available, but many are known to cause side effects. Consult your physician to determine the severity of your particular case and for more information about the prescriptions that are available.

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